![]() In October 1873, German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck negotiated the League of the Three Emperors between the monarchs of Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Germany. When Germany was united in 1871, Prussia became part of the new German nation. These began in 1815 with the Holy Alliance between Prussia, Russia, and Austria. Each member promised mutual support in the event of an attack by any other great power.ĭuring the 19th century, the major European powers went to great lengths to maintain a balance of power throughout Europe, resulting in the existence of a complex network of political and military alliances throughout the continent by 1900. Italy sought support against France shortly after it lost North African ambitions to the French. Germany and Austria-Hungary had been closely allied since 1879. Triple Alliance A secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed on May 20, 1882, and renewed periodically until World War I. The understanding between the three powers, supplemented by agreements with Japan and Portugal, constituted a powerful counterweight to the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Kingdom of Italy. Triple Entente The informal understanding linking the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente on August 31, 1907. It faced and was defeated by the Allied Powers that formed around the Triple Entente, after which it was dissolved. Key Terms Central Powers Consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria, this was one of the two main factions during World War I (1914–18). Historians debate how much these complex alliances contributed to the outbreak of the World War I, as the crisis between Austria-Hungary and Serbia could have been localized but quickly escalated into a global conflict despite the fact that some of the alliances, notably the Triple Entente, did not stipulate mutual defense in the case of an attack.The Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente, which were renewed several times leading up to World War I, formed the two opposing sides of the war, with Italy moving over to ally with the Triple Entente after the start of the war and other nations pulled in over time.Throughout the rest of the 19th century, various treaties and alliances were formed, including the German-Austrian treaty (1879) or Dual Alliance the addition of Italy to the Germany and Austrian alliance in 1882, forming the “Triple Alliance” the Franco-Russian Alliance (1894) and the “Entente Cordiale” between Britain and France (1904), which eventually included Russia and formed the Triple Entente. ![]() ![]()
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